Helminthiases is one of the most common diseases among children and adults. In the human body can to parasitize various species of worms. There is an opinion, far from medicine, in which the worms affect the digestive tract, in fact, worms can parasitize almost all the internal organs – liver, lungs, heart, brain, head, and muscle tissue, subcutaneous tissue and eyes. The article talks about how there are worms in humans.
Classification
There are a huge number of worms that can affect man, some of the most common of them. Most worms belong to any of the 3 groups, trematodes, cestodes or nematodes.
Flukes are a class of parasitic worms in the flat, there are about 40 species of worms that affect man. General:
- cat or Siberian Fluke (causes opisthorchiasis);
- Schistosoma (causing schistosomiasis).
Cestodes – tape worms are flat. Representatives of the tapeworms do not have digestive system. Most of the men are staggering:
- beef tapeworm (beef tapeworm infection causes);
- pork tapeworm (cause of cysticercosis);
- Echinococcus (hydatid cyst causing).
It Nematoda is roundworms, which is primarily abdominal. Common helminth affecting humans:
- pinworms;
- roundworm;
- it whipworm.
Worms in humans — signs of the image (most of the worms affect the digestive tract, making nausea and vomiting, diarrhea or constipation, intestinal obstruction, unexplained weight loss, loss of appetite or excessive hunger):
Cat or Siberian Fluke
Cat or Siberian Fluke – a small parasite, lanceolate group of liver flukes. The causative agent of the disease opisthorchiasis. Length cat fluke to achieve the 8-18 mm in width and 1.2-2 mm. The parasite develops in the body of the two hosts, both intermediate and final. Intermediate hosts – molluscs and fish carp, the ultimate man.
Together with the feces of infected people and animals, the eggs reach fresh water pools, where they eat seafood. The body of the mollusk eggs to reach the infective stage – cercaria, cercaria leave the mollusk and implanted in the body of cyprinid fish or get to their bodies by eating fish and seafood. In the body of the fish the parasite develops in the meta-cercaria in the cyst, its size reaches about 0.17-0.21 mm.
When you eat contaminated fish, the infected, their body meta cercaria leave the cysts from the stomach and intestine they pass into the liver and the biliary tract. In these organs they remain parasites, and 10-12 days to get to the Mature stage, they begin to lay eggs. The human body cat fluke can parasitize up to 10-20 years.
Shistosoma
Schistosoma – blood flukes. It is flat dioecious helminths, the length is 4-20 mm, width – 0.25 mm. The body of shistosoma equipped with 2 suckers – the mouth and stomach, they are located close to each other. Women Schistosoma longer and thinner than males. The body man is a longitudinal career, he owns a woman. Their eggs are 0.1 mm in diameter, oval shape, on the surface of one of the columns is a large spike.
People worms Schistosoma role in the final host choice of the people of their organisms they parasitize the small veins of the colon, abdominal cavity, uterus, bladder. The worms eat the blood, partly absorbed nutrients through the cuticle. The eggs of Schistosoma transported to the bowel and bladder, where Mature and excreted out with feces or urine. Sweet waters the egg comes out the larva, its intermediate hosts – mollusks. The body of the mollusk meta cercaria cercaria develop in 4-8 weeks.
Beef tapeworm
Beef tapeworm – band parasite, which causes disease beef tapeworm infection. This is a huge helminths, can grow 3-12 feet long. The body of the parasite is the small head, with a diameter of 3 mm, the neck, and about 1000 segment. After entering the human body along with the untreated infected meat, the tapeworm attaches to the intestinal wall with the help of 4 suction cups.
In hermaphroditic segments are deposited the eggs of the helminth, annually single specimen of the egg up to 600 million eggs. Like worms in humans, parasites in the intestines for 20 years or more, if not timely treatment.
Pork tapeworm
Pork tapeworm, such as ascending, the body is 4 suckers, but in addition to the body of a helminth is a double rim hook. Reaches two to three meters long. Is a pork tapeworm before the egg sets, and on each side of the uterus is 7 to 12 branches. Typical helminth – ability of the segment to crawl out of the anus. After the release of out of their shell is dry and bursts, so the external environment are helminth eggs. The intermediate host of the tapeworm can be pigs and people.
The main host was a man. Intestinal parasites in humans include the pork tapeworm, is a helminth in the intestine of the patient, where it lays eggs. Infection occur with the use of invasive meat.
Echinococcus
The causative agent of echinococcosis in reach a length of 3-5 mm. Consists of a head with four suckers and two rim hooks, and three or four segments. The last segment is developed by the reproductive system. Intermediate host – cattle or people, the final host – dog, wolf. Infection occurs through the mouth.
Echinococcus enters the intestine, where the eggs emerge the larvae. With the help of hooks larvae penetrate into the portal vein, which together with the blood spread to the liver, lungs, muscle tissue.
Pinworms
Pinworms – roundworms, enterobiasis pathogens, the so-called disease of dirty hands. To a greater extent pinworm infection-prone children. Infection occurs through the mouth and touch the household. To identify these worms in the stool.
Women helminths pinworms of the genus reach a length of 5-10 mm, and males – 3 millimeters. Body shape is pinworms fusiform milky white. Eventually, the body of the female are slightly pointed. Adult worms are parasitic in the lower small intestine and colon of man, is attached to the wall of the head blisters. In order to lay eggs, the female pinworms will move to the rectum, crawl out and lay eggs in the anal area, then die. The eggs become infection after 4-6 hours. The duration of the pinworm life – one to two months.
Roundworm
Roundworm – even some representatives of the class of roundworms parasites, the causative agents of ascariasis. This is the helminths yellowish – pink color, has an elongated, spindle-shaped, dioecious. Female ascarids grow 20 to 40 cm, males reach a length of 15-25 cm. Every day an adult female roundworm lays down more than 200 thousand eggs, which, together with feces of a person environment, in which, after the 12-14 days to become invasive.
The human body parasites in the digestive system, locate mainly in the small intestine. Throughout the period of development from the infection of the eggs to Mature stage takes about 3 months.
Whipworm
Whip worms – round worms, which cause trihozefalez. The worms are thin brown nematode thin, threadlike anterior portion and a rounded rear-end. The female whipworm growth of 3.5-5.5 inches, and men a maximum of 3-4,5 cm. The larvae of worms in humans is localized in the cecum, where and are the parasitic stage of puberty, is to lay their eggs. Massive attack helminths can also take the colon, including the rectum.
Every day women of whipworm, it is 3.5 thousand eggs. Helminth eggs are barrel-shaped, covered with thick brown bark, the poles are located in the colorless "caps". Eggs from the soil, as well as with the faeces of the primary host, under favorable circumstances, they can retain invasive properties of up to two years. The duration of parasitism on the human gut is 5-7 years.